Bone Marrow Transplantation
Bone Marrow Transplantation
In diseases such as insufficiency (Aplastic Anemia, Immune Deficiencies), faulty production (Hemoglobinopathies, Metabolic Diseases), cancers (Leukemia) of precursor cells (Stem Cells) in blood production, it is necessary to clean the bone marrow and replace it with a bone marrow capable of healthy production. This procedure is called “Bone Marrow Transplantation”. In addition to the above-mentioned diseases, bone marrow transplantation can also be used as a treatment for diseases such as lymph node cancers (lymphoma) and brain tumors involving the bone marrow. In these transplants, the donor can be fully compatible within the family (allogeneic), fully compatible outside the family (matched unrealted donor) or partially compatible within the family (Haploidentical). Of course, the first choice of donor for bone marrow transplants is a fully compatible sibling donor.
In addition, in patients who have to use different doses of chemotherapy due to cancer, high-dose chemotherapy can completely stop blood production in the bone marrow. For this reason, in these patients, their own bone marrow is collected and frozen before “High Dose Chemotherapy”. Following the freezing process, the cancer is tried to be treated by giving “High Dose Chemotherapy”. The bone marrow disappears permanently with the effect of chemotherapy. The frozen stem cells collected from the patient before chemotherapy are given to the patient again. This process is defined as Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation.
The bone marrow transplantation process starts with the pre-transplant preparations of the patient and the donor. If the patient has a malignant disease, the disease should preferably be in remission. The patient is checked for liver, lung, heart, kidney, brain diseases, dental and infections that may cause problems during transplantation. The donor’s compatibility rate, donor health status, infectious disease status are checked. If the conditions are suitable for bone marrow transplantation, the patient’s transplant process begins.
The patient is taken to the bone marrow transplant unit with a central catheter. The bone marrow transplant unit is a 99.97% sterile area that is ventilated with special HEPA filtered air conditioning systems, closed to the outside, where visitors cannot enter.
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